English
Français
日本語
中文
한국어
Русский
The postsecondary education system in Manitoba is described in WSE's Postsecondary Education Systems in Canada: Provinces and Territories. The system can be divided into two categories of postsecondary program delivery:
University programs are offered solely in universities, institutes, and schools recognized under An Act Respecting Educational Institutions at the University Level. By way of illustration, institutions can be recognized under the various provisions of the act:
College education is offered in four types of institutions:
Although no specific piece of legislation defines the university system, each university was created by royal charter or by special act.
For example, the Université du Québec, founded in 1968, was created under An Act Respecting the Université du Québec that provides for the issuance of letters patent by the government.
An Act Respecting Educational Institutions at the University Level, in which Quebec's university institutions are listed, provides that the term "university" is reserved for the ends set out in the act.
Program quality control is performed via the Bureau de Coopération Interuniversitaire (BCI), a voluntary university coordinating body. Each university has created an assessment policy for existing programs. Assessment practices are reviewed by BCI's Program Evaluation Review Commission (Commission de la vérification de l'évaluation des programmes - CVEP). New programs leading to a university degree (bachelor's, master's, or doctoral) are submitted to BCI's New Program Evaluation Commission (Commission de l'évaluation des projets de programmes - CEP), which renders an opinion as to academic quality.
The Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur du Québec reviews the opinion. Decisions on funding enrolment in new programs are taken based on the provisions in the document entitled Procédure liée à l'examen d'opportunité des projets de programmes conduisant à un grade présentés au ministre de l'Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport aux fins de financement et Critères d'opportunité utilisés par le Comité des programmes universitaires.
These complementary mechanisms are designed to assess each institution's proposed programs and to ensure the relevance of university program offerings.
University financing is largely provided by the Quebec government. In return, the government expects that institutions will use these funds efficiently and account for their management. University funding policy is designed on the one hand to guarantee the quality of training and research, taking into account the specific situation of each institution, and on the other hand to support the goals set out in the Politique québécoise à l'égard des universités. The Politique québécoise de financement des universités is reflected in budget rules set each year by the Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur du Québec.
The École Polytechnique (created in 1873) and the École des Hautes Études Commerciales de Montréal (created in 1907) are degree-granting institutions that were created by special acts prior to the creation of the Université de Montréal and that decided in 1920 to conclude an affiliation agreement with the latter institution. This affiliation agreement governs and affirms the status of degrees granted by these institutions as being also degrees granted by theUniversité de Montréal. The three institutions have separate boards of governors. However, some institutions (either in the same sector or in different sectors) have entered into agreements covering specific programs. Such agreements are governed by protocols that the institutions concerned are responsible for applying. Thus quality control measures are the same as for new programs. Students in those programs have library privileges in all institutions involved, under a BIC-governed agreement.
Such programs exist at all levels and include the following models:
Each institution is required to set a periodic program assessment policy, using its own professors and lecturers as well as students and graduates, employers if appropriate, and external specialists and international experts. These periodic assessment processes are reviewed by BIC's Program Evaluation Review Commission (Commission de vérification de l'évaluation des programmes - CVEP).
Teacher training programs must be approved by the Comité d'agrément des programmes de formation à l'enseignement(CAPFE).
The Regulation respecting the diplomas issued by designated educational institutions which give access to permits or specialist's certificates of professional orders was adopted under the Professional Code. Professional governing bodies ensure that training is adequate to acquire the professional skills required for the practice of a profession. Professional governing bodies generally create an advisory committee on training to review the quality of training in respect of (a) the objectives of training programs leading to a diploma entitling the holder to a licence or specialist certificate; (b) the aims of other conditions for the issuance of a licence or specialist certificate; and (c) diploma or training equivalency standards set out by regulation by the executive committee of the professional governing body and entitling the applicant to a licence or specialist certificate.
The Professional Code provides an overview of Quebec professions and each governing body's procedures. The Office des professions du Québec is responsible for implementing the Code des professions.
Some professional governing bodies (such as the Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec) may be members of an association that includes several governing bodies (such as the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers). Such associations may exercise accreditation functions in respect of university training programs, based on Canadian or international standards. However, such certification practices are distinct from the quality assurance mechanisms described above.
In addition to BIC's membership, Quebec universities are also members of the Universities Canada. Universities Canada has adopted quality assurance principles to which leaders of university institutions subscribe. Universities Canada imposes membership criteria that address the primary mission of institutions, the range of program offerings, the breadth and depth of programs, the nature of their relationship with parent institutions, the size of enrolment, institutional focus on scholarship, academic inquiry and research, and compliance with the principles of academic freedom and responsibility. Institutions applying for membership must host an Universities Canada visiting committee that reports to the Universities Canada Board of Directors on a variety of items and recommends a decision on whether the applying institution is providing education of university standard.
Many provincial and pan-Canadian professional associations of administrators and universities are also concerned with promoting quality. Student associations are active as well in ensuring that both programs and conditions of learning are at the highest possible level.
In addition to the l'Office des professions du Québec, the Association of Accrediting Agencies of Canada (AAAC) is a national organization composed of professional associations involved in promoting good practices by its members in accreditation of educational programs.
This education sector, created in 1967, is unique in the world. It provides both a transition between secondary school and university, through two-year pre-university programs, and three-year labour-market-focused technical training programs. College programs lead to the Diplôme d'études collégiales — DEC (diploma of college studies),, granted by the minister, and attestation d'études collégiales — AEC (attestation of college studies)., granted by institutions. Regardless of the DEC program they choose, students undergo a core general-stream program.
The college sector includes 48 public cégeps, 24 subsidized private institutions, 3 public institutions governed by an authority other than the Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur du Québec, and 26 private licensed institutions. A complete list can be found on the Ministry's Web site.
The Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur du Québec is responsible for developing pre-university and technical training based on three principles:Programs are delivered by private colleges, cégeps, and other institutions are governed by the quality control rules described below.
The public college network is governed by the General and Vocational Colleges Act. Private colleges are governed by An Act Respecting Private Education. The government mandates the minister responsible for the Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur du Québec to approve all programs and authorize their delivery. Private institutions wishing to offer a DEC or AEC program must also receive a licence from the minister. Institutions are assessed under An Act Respecting the Commission d'Évaluation de l'Enseignement Collégial.
Quebec's colleges and cégeps have no formal affiliations with universities or other colleges or institutes.
Quality control is provided systematically both for pre-university and for technical programs underAn Act Respecting the Commission d'Évaluation de l'Enseignement Collégial. It is important to note that this process is superimposed on each institution's internal policies.
The Fédération des cégeps is a voluntary grouping of public colleges that plays a key role in ensuring representativeness and cohesiveness in the college network. That organization, together with others including the Conseil du Patronat du Québec, helped set up the Centre de liaison entreprises-éducation, mandated to raise the profile of vocational and technical education.
Cégeps and privates colleges are generally members of the Colleges and Institutes Canadas, whose aims are similar to those of the Fédération des cégeps, but at the pan-Canadian level. In addition, Colleges and Institutes Canada is very active on the international scene and manages joint college-level international funding programs. However, Colleges and Institutes Canada largely focuses on the technical areas, while the Fédération des cégeps is also concerned with pre-university programs. Colleges and Institutes Canada does not perform formal quality assurance functions with respect to its members, but it does promote quality programming and high academic standards by conducting research and facilitating broad discussion on quality assurance issues.
The Association of Accrediting Agencies of Canada(AAAC) is a national organization composed of professional associations involved in promoting good practices by its members in accreditation of educational programs.
Some professional governing bodies under the Professional Code are also concerned with the quality of college-level technical training for certain professions. The Conseil interprofessionnel du Québec, under its public protection mandate, is also involved in this area.
Private colleges are governed by An Act Respecting Private Education. Institutions are assessed under An Act Respecting the Commission d'évaluation de l'enseignement collégial.
Private institutions are required to obtain a permit issued by the minister and are subject to the same quality control mechanisms as cégeps in terms of obtaining authority to deliver programs leading to a DEC or an AEC.
Private colleges are required to make their status clear in any advertising, especially by specifying those educational services they are authorized to offer the programs for technical specialties set out in their permit. In addition, private colleges are prohibited from implying that their courses of study guarantee a job, from advertising courses in a way that implies that a job offer is involved, or from mentioning any service or program not included in their permit.
Private subsidized institutions deliver pre-university and technical training. This training is governed by the Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur du Québec. They are represented by the Association des collèges privés du Québec (ACPQ).
Programs delivered by private colleges are also governed by the quality control requirements set out above.
Four institutions are regulated by an authority other than the Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur du Québec:
These public institutions are regulated by specific legislation under an authority other than theMinistère de l'Enseignement supérieur du Québec. However, the minister responsible for the Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur du Québec approves programs leading to a DEC and authorizes these institutions to deliver them. Like all other public institutions, they are assessed under the An Act Respecting the Commission d'Évaluation de l'Enseignement Collégial.
These institutions have no formal affiliations with universities or other colleges or institutes.
Programs delivered by these institutions are also governed by quality assurance requirements set out above.
In Quebec, apprenticeship and qualification programs are generally governed by school boards and are part of secondary-level vocational training.
However, when required to ensure continuity between secondary-level vocational programs and college-level technical programs, the development of technical curricula takes into account the provisions of various applicable acts, including An Act Respecting Workforce Vocational Training and Qualification.
The mandate of the Direction de l'Apprentissage (Apprenticeship Branch) is to promote the development and recognition of workforce skills to respond to labour market needs.
The branch manages the qualification plan, the apprenticeship program, and regulated professional qualifications; administers the Interprovincial Standards "Red Seal" Program to promote employment mobility; devises notebooks and guides for the introduction of new occupations within the qualification plan; devises and administers qualification exams for apprentices in regulated occupations; and provides the support and consulting expertise pertaining to management of optional and regulated plans to all the regions.
Accreditation of apprenticeship and qualification programs is governed by the applicable acts.
Provincial legislation can be accessed through the Internet.
Education and diplomas United Kingdom
Education and diplomas United States
Education and diplomas China
Education and diplomas Australia
Education and diplomas Canada
Education and diplomas Japan
Education and diplomas Korea
Education and diplomas France
PRINT